Locke and Marx do Lego

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Túrin Turambar
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Locke and Marx do Lego

Post by Túrin Turambar »

Here’s a story that’s doing the rounds of the Australian blogosphere at the moment, especially in the libertarian blogs. You can have a look at the original post over at Club Troppo.

Basically, a group of preschool children began building a city out of Lego. As more people joined the game and lego bricks began to become scarce, the preschoolers developed what amounted to a Lockean conception of property rights, followed by a capitalist market economy. The teachers were unhappy at the way that certain students seemed to be having most of the fun, and when Legotown was accidentally destroyed they imposed new rules – they would distribute the pieces themselves, equally, to everyone. The students did not enjoy the new game as much, and less ended up being built. In the end, a mixed system was developed, where the teachers had more control over the distribution of Lego, although the students were essentially running the game themselves.

Basically, this has resulted in a huge discussion of economics. Does Legotown show that the rise of private property and a market economy is natural is the absence of any coercion from above? Is the whole experiment a vindication of a mixed economy? Does it even make sense to try and draw conclusions about national economies from a game played by a couple of dozen five-year-olds?

Here’s one commentator’s view from the Volokh Conspiracy:
I find the original article fascinating. You can see so many ‘high’ economic concepts being grasped by the children, and being totally ignored by the teachers. For example, the Legos were part of a common pool. In order to avoid the ‘tragedy of the commons’ the children intuitively knew how to establish property rights (despite all the brainwashing of the teachers). They set up a market; and assigned value based on aesthetics, and scarcity. Each child was trying to maximize his or her ‘power,’ but in the ‘capitalist’ Lego Town the children were also maximizing their collective effort. The kids built huge buildings and an interdependent system of airports, firehouses and the like.

As I read the story, it seemed that the teachers conditioned the return of the Legos upon unanimous consent among the children on what the rules of distribution would be. Under this artificial constraint each student still sought to maximize his or her share of the Legos, thus resulting in an equal distribution of the Legos. The requirement of equality imposed transaction cost that rendered the building of huge buildings; airports; and firehouses cost-prohibitive. The maximum collective effort was not being achieved by the ’socialist’ Lego Town.
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Post by Jnyusa »

When my daughters were in pre-school, one of my colleagues and mysef did "kiddie economic programs" for a couple years in a row at the preschool.

We discovered that at age 4, all children are Marxists. They demand equal distribution of everything. When they hit age 5 they turn into capitalists, establish private property, and by the end of the game ~30% of the children own 100% of the property.

Go figure.

:P

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Post by anthriel »

I don't know why, Jn, but that makes me smile. :)
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Post by Inanna »

Is it because they are absorbing stuff from the real-world between 4 and 5? Would we still see this happening in a tribal society?
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Post by Voronwë the Faithful »

Hmmmm? The thought that I have been having more and more is whether capitalism is going to be the cause of the death of the human race and the planet earth. It seems more and more to me that market forces are becoming a death knoll. Between carbon emissions, and deforestation, and battling AIDS, and so many other issues, it seems like the dictates of the market more and more conflict with the "right thing to do".
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Post by solicitr »

Voronwë:

Take a look at the toxic waste dump the old Soviet Bloc made of itself. Look at the environmental horrors going on in China. Look at that ultimate monument to calamitous hubris in the face of Mother Nature, the Aswan High Dam. And look at the literal junkyard states of Cuba and North Korea.

Environmental protection requires surplus wealth beyond subsistence: Kyoto quite rightly excluded the developing world. The Amazon rain forest is being destroyed not primarily by greedy cattle barons and developers (the popular greenie myth), but by subsistence-farming peasants who slash-and-burn new fields every couple of years as the thin topsoil is exhausted. Do we tell them to stop, and starve?

Only some form of market economy can create surplus wealth. Socialism just doesn't work. To pretend it does is akin to wishing away gravity or the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

What we have to do is tame the beast: ensure that capitalism is a docile, hardworking ox and not a rampaging bull.
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Post by Jnyusa »

solicitr wrote:The Amazon rain forest is being destroyed not primarily by greedy cattle barons and developers (the popular greenie myth), but by subsistence-farming peasants who slash-and-burn new fields every couple of years as the thin topsoil is exhausted. Do we tell them to stop, and starve?
No, we give them back the productive farm land that was taken from them at the point of a gun by the greedy cattle barons and developers.

Oh wait .... that's called a revolution. :scarey: Send for the Marines to protect us from those greedy, out-of-control Marxist dirt farmers (the popular fasci myth).

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Post by solicitr »

Taken from them? They never owned it in the first place. That may be harsh, but it's an historical fact. That's not the same as saying we might try granting squatters rights, as opposed to running them off, but we mustn't fall into the romantic fallacy that it was ever "theirs."

I have no problem with a sensible program of land redistribution (which can often work wonders), provided it is accompanied by sound economic reforms which fall into neither trap, right or left: feudal-agrarianism, or Marxist communalism. Both lead to misery.

Watch the hit showsHugo Chavez! for an entertaining course in How To Destroy An Economy 101, and Don't Invest in Me, Argentina for a look at how landlord agrarianism prevents one from getting started.
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Post by Jnyusa »

solicitr wrote:aken from them? They never owned it in the first place. That may be harsh, but it's an historical fact.
We're not reading the same history books. ;)

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Post by solicitr »

Well, at least according to my history books, the invading conquistadores claimed all the land for themselves and regarded the aborigines as something approaching (and often fully) slaves. It's my understanding that the Amazon tribes were communalists and had not developed a concept of land ownership. At any rate, we can't undo every conquest in history, or I'd have a helluva lawsuit against France......

Ultimately the Indian and mestizo serfs morphed into (really oppressed) tenant farmers- and many of these, and some barely-Europeanized tribesmen, also spread into uninhabited rainforest lands which belonged de jure to some Spanish-speaking landlord, thus becoming squatters.

Now these people got a raw deal. I'm not pretending otherwise. But it's equally untrue to pretend they ever had legal tile to the land.

We probably ought to fix that- but *not* the way Che tried!
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Post by Crucifer »

Ho hum. Cuba is actually pretty nice, and certainly not a junk yard.
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Actually, the anrcho-something commune theory put forth by Denis in Monty Python and the Holy Grail is quite appealing.
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Post by axordil »

Only if there's sufficient filth to go round. ;)
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Post by Jnyusa »

solicitr wrote:Now these people got a raw deal. I'm not pretending otherwise. But it's equally untrue to pretend they ever had legal tile to the land.
No, it is true that they had legal title to the land in past decades, within the 20th century.

Most of that land was lost via the banking system, being forbidden by the government to extent credit to anyone in possession of land that individuals in the government (or their relatives) coveted. When people refused to vacate, the governments sent in their armies to forcibly evict.

The expropriation of the land by means of genocide, followed by the invention of land titles to legitimize the expropriation, this took place during the colonial era, and much of that land (particularly in Africa) still remains owned by foreigners. But in Central and South America the land is domestically owned and concentrated within one class that aquired it within the 20th century. The peasant farmers of Central and South America who are destroying the rainforest are not aboriginal. They are mestizo, the third generation away from the expropriation in most cases, and they did own their land before it was taken away in a manner that would certainly be illegal if it happened in the US.
We probably ought to fix that- but *not* the way Che tried!
Yes, of course those countries should fix it. It makes a HUGE difference in their productivity. Unfortunately, most of those countries are up to their necks in external debt, and so they are forced to produce for export when they desperately need to produce for domestic consumption and achieve a more equitable distribution of domestic savings rates. All development depends on this ultimately.

You have to be careful when you critique land reform because so much depends on (a) institutional factors, and (b) external conditions, like whether or not the US happens to approve of what you are doing. Very few land reforms have enjoyed long term success, but they all go down for different reasons. The how and the why of this is a discipline all by itself and there's only one institute in the US, to my knowledge, that is devoted to land reform research. Most of what you see written about this in the US is pure nonsense. The researchers know nothing about banking systems or legal structures or secondary markets, and just talk out their backsides from free market microtheory .. which does not apply, naturally, if the government owns 30% of all the producing assets in a country.

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Post by Crucifer »

Revolution is often the only way to change things that are going wrong. If the people who could change with words and votes cared about change, revolution wouldn't be necessary. When they don't care and even abuse the system, the people need to rise up and make their fists felt, because their voices won't be heard. Sometimes this :poke: isn't enough, so it becomes this :rage: :salmon:. When those who can change go :help: , the people say "Why didn't you :help: us"
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Post by solicitr »

And the result, as night follows day, is terror and tyranny. France, Russia, China, Haiti, Cuba...the song remains the same. The law of the gun means that those with the most guns make the laws.

N.B. The American War of Independence is often miscalled the "Revolution," but it wasn't.
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Post by Primula Baggins »

Then what would you say it was, solicitr? (Genuinely curious here.)
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Post by baby tuckoo »

solicitr wrote:N.B. The American War of Independence is often miscalled the "Revolution," but it wasn't.
I might agree with this, but I wonder in what way you mean it, soli.


It was certainly a colonial revolt, but it was hardly a societal revolution. Many British social conventions stayed on, but a variety of legal and political heirlooms were banned, mostly for the good.
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Post by solicitr »

It wasn't a revolution because almost nothing societally changed. We severed ties with Britain but the legislatures and courts and laws steamed along uninterrupted- we just elected American governors to replace the old Royal guvs. The Established Churches broke away from the Church of England, and were eventually Disestablished (tho not immediately in all cases). We officially banned nobility, but then we never had any anyway. Aside from creating a confederated government (at first more of a Continental UN than a nation-state), and getting out from under Britain's restrictive trade laws, nothing much changed at all (except, ironically, that taxes went up). To this very day, the Virginia Constitution, Article I, Section 1, provides that "The Common Law of England shall apply" except where we've got around to changing it.
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