If you are interested in JPII's actions and their influence on the fall of communism in Eastern Europe,
definately check out Weigel's
Witness to Hope. It is well researched, though of course he was intentionally looking at it from the angle of the papacy (and Poland).
What you have to understand is that without JPII, there would not have
been any Solidarity
.
When JPII was elected pope, he pretty much immediately started trying to figure out how and when he could visit his country. The communist leaders couldn't say "no" indefinately - since he was a Polish pope, he would have to be allowed to visit Poland! So he did...
He asked to come for May 8, 1979, the 900th anniversary of the martyrdom of St. Stanislaw. St. Stanislaw had been bishop of Krakow, and had died resisting state power. Before his election as pope, Karol Wojtyla had been bishop of Krakow....so the Communists weren't about to allow that "connection."
Instead, he was allowed to come for 9 days in June (so the Polish Church happily put off the celebration for a month to wait for him).
He visited Warsaw, Gniezno, Czestochowa, Krakow, as well as his hometown (Wadowice) and Auschwitz.
This is what the Communist Party had to say about him before he arrived:
The Pope is our enemy.... Due to his uncommon skills and great sense of humor he is dangerous, because he charms everyone, especially journalists. Besides, he goes for cheap gestures in his relations with the crowd, for instance, puts on a highlander's hat, shakes all hands, kisses children, etc. ... It is modeled on American presidential campaigns. ...
He is dangerous, because he will make St. Stanislaw the patron of the oppostion to the authorities and a defender of human rights. Luckily we managed to maneuver him out of the date May 8. ... Because of the activation of the Church in Poland our activities designed to atheize the youth not only cannot diminish but must intensely develop. ... In this respect all means are allowed and we cannot afford any sentiments.
He ended up taking the entire nation on a nine-day, Pentecost-themed pilgrimage. 13 million of the people of Poland (1/3 the population) saw him "live," in person. For those who were not present, there was the radio and the television (the state media covered most of the papal events).
What did he offer them? Dignity. He reaffirmed their culture, reaffirmed the worth and meaning of their lives, gave them hope and spoke of their future...he spoke of freedom, as well. He spoke of sacrifice, and solidarity, and challenged people to examine the way they were living.
In November 1979, the KGB began investigating what it could do to foil the plans of JPII.
Solidarnosc began in August 1980.
In May 1981, a Turkish assassin (thought to be in the pay of the KGB) shot JPII twice at close range in St. Peter's Square.
He also played an indirect role in the much later revolution in Czechloslovakia.